What is a Brain Injury?
An Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to brain damage occurring after birth that isn't genetic or degenerative. Before my own concussion, I didn't realize how broad this category was. It includes:
- Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs): Caused by external forces like falls, impacts, assaults, or vehicle accidents. Concussions, like mine from a car accident, are a common type of TBI.
- Non-Traumatic Brain Injuries: Caused by internal factors such as stroke, lack of oxygen, infections, tumors, or toxic exposure.
I felt incredibly frustrated going from doctor to doctor, feeling like I hit rock bottom without answers. Understanding the basics became the first step in taking matters into my own hands.
Concussion Myths vs. Reality
Misinformation about concussions is widespread. Understanding the facts is crucial for getting the right help and setting expectations:
Myth: Loss of consciousness required.
Reality: Most concussions (~90%) happen *without* losing consciousness.
Myth: Need to hit your head hard.
Reality: Whiplash or jolts shaking the brain (like those from vehicle accidents or falls) can cause concussions, even without direct impact.
Myth: Clear CT/MRI = No Concussion.
Reality: Standard scans often miss microscopic damage. Diagnosis relies on symptoms/evaluation. Some studies suggest SPECT scans might show damage, but they aren't standard.
Myth: Helmets prevent all.
Reality: Helmets protect the skull but don't eliminate brain movement inside.
Myth: Recovery is always quick.
Reality: Recovery varies; many face symptoms for months or years. It's not something you just 'get over' quickly.
Myth: Just push through.
Reality: Rest is crucial. Pushing through often worsens/prolongs symptoms.
Myth: Sports hits less serious.
Reality: Forces in sports can be significant. Proper management is always needed.
Myth: Everyone's experience is the same.
Reality: Concussions affect individuals differently.
What Happens Inside the Skull?
The brain essentially floats in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the skull. During impact or shaking, the brain can strike the skull's interior, potentially causing:
- Temporary disruption of normal brain cell function and communication (an "energy crisis").
- Stretching or microscopic damage to nerve axons (connections).
- Inflammation and metabolic changes within brain tissue.
- Potential bruising (contusions) or small bleeds (hemorrhage) in some cases.
This disruption explains the wide range of symptoms, even when standard scans appear normal.
How Common Are Brain Injuries?
ABIs are more common than often realized. Globally, estimates suggest tens of millions of people are living with a TBI at any given time, with millions of new cases occurring each year. Falls and vehicle accidents are leading causes. A prior concussion increases future risk.
Why Understanding is Crucial
Knowing these facts helps in recognizing potential concussions, seeking appropriate care, understanding the critical need for rest, setting realistic recovery expectations, and advocating for support – all things that became vital in my own journey.